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1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.
world famous=well-known
One of the most fascinating things about television is the size of the audience. A novel can be on the “best sellers” list with a sale of fewer than 100,000copies, but a popular TV show might have 70 million TV viewers. TV can make anything or anyone well-known overnight.
1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.
world famous=well-known
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
2. The principle behind “quiz” or “game” shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.
principle 原则
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
3. Prizes and money are usually provided by TV stars and large companies for winners.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：C
4. One of the TV personalities, Charles Van Doren was proved to be cheating by persuading the Show's producers to give him the answers beforehand.
personality 性格，人物
figure 人物
beforehand=in advance
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
This is the principle behind “quiz” or “game” shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for the prize and money. A quiz show can make anyone a star, and it can give away thousands of dollars just for fun. But all of this money can create problems. For instance, in the 1950s, quiz shows were very popular in the U.S. and almost everyone watched them. Charles Van Doren, an English instructor, became rich and famous after winning money on several shows. He even had a career as a television personality. But one of the losers proved that Charles Van Doren was cheating. It turned out that the show's producers, who were pulling the strings, gave the answers to the most popular contestants beforehand. Why? Because if the audience didn't like the person who won the game, they turned the show off. Based on his story, a movie under the title “Quiz Show” is on 40 years later.
contestant 参加者
5. The huge scandal of cheating on TV games shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie “Quiz Show”.
scandal 传言，传闻
not…until 直到…才
expose 曝光
pose 姿式
expose 向外
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
6. Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
7. Winners of present-day TV game shows no longer get money from the shows.
no longer=no more 不再
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
Charles Van Doren is no longer involved with TV. But game shows are still here, though they aren't taken as seriously. In fact, some of them try to be as ridiculous as possible. There are shows that send strangers on vacation trips together, or that try to cause newly-married couples to fight on TV, or that punish losers by humiliating them. The entertainment now is to see what people will do just to be on TV. People still win money, but the real prize is to be in front of an audience of millions.
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1. It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.
detail 细节
property 属性
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
Plants and Mankind
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.This is logical.
2. People can not survive without plants.
viv=life
survive 幸存
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
basis 基础
pyramid 金字塔
Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and many other purposes.
3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.
Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.
botany 植物学
branch 分支
3. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
4. Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.
industry 工业
industrial 工业的
industrialization 工业化
modernization 现代化
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows.
5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.
acquire=learn=get 学习，得到
Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid.
conscious 有意识的
unconscious 无意识的
5. Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.
When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken.
ancestors 祖先
harvest 收获，收割
6. People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000 years ago.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.
farming 庄稼种植
Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
increasingly=gradually 渐渐地
once 一旦=at once 马上
=right away
=immediately
=right now
7. Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
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1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.
compare with 比较
compare to 比喻
adult 成年人
ease→with ease 轻松
easy
easily
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.
hinder：make sth. difficult阻碍
master v.
mastery n. 掌握
mother tongue=native language
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：C
How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?
grown-up=adult 成年人
account for=explain 解释
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
solely=only=just
lie in 位于，在于
Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life.
3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
partly 部分地
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
expose→exposure 暴光，揭露
A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.
4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
assimilation 相似化
similar 相似的
assimilate 使相似
5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.
Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round,
as it were 好像
as if 好像
seem
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：B
6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.
assist=help
assistant 助手
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：A
while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.
7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
personal relationship 个人关系
close 亲密的
Finally, though a child's “teachers” may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.
so far 到目前为止
close 亲密的
7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
「答案」：C
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The First Settlement in North America
问题1.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
It is very difficult to say just when colonization began.
问题2.Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
It is very difficult to say just when colonization began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus`s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south,
问题3.With John Cabot’s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island （ probably off the New England coast ） and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north America which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal” title to North America.
问题4.There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage to North America in 1497.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island （ probably off the New England coast ） and return home.
He and his son made further voyages across the north America which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal” title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans’ interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.
问题5.The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus`s first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.
问题6.The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
问题7.The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：C
The first permanent settlement in North America was in1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All were man and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.
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The Worker's Role in Management
问题1.Traditional workers showed no interest in management.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：C
Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers` opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.
问题2.In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the worker's role in management with two major reasons.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
At most, companies have provided “ suggestion boxes ” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor — they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.
Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. （ A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.） Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs, often with no warning.
问题3.Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
问题4.Before closing, a plant should put up a notice（贴出布告） and keep it for 90 days.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
At least 90 days` notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.
问题5.The worker's participation in management might save a plant from closing down.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.
6.One of the advantage of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：C
7.An efficient and productive workers should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.
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Computers
问题1.Equipped with computers, managers today operate their firms with higher efficiency and less cost than they used to be.
operate a firm 经营>
run a firm
efficiency 高效
efficient 高效的
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities. The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used. Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.
spread 扩散
widespread推广
make full use of 完全使用、充分利用
问题2.Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.
conventional 保守的，传统的
exercised=used=operated
minor次要
major主要的
bill账单
in place of =take place of =replace代替
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company. On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.
问题3. It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop.
necessary必要的
unnecessary没必要的
baker面包师
neighbourhood shopkeeper
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies. Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computer to control sales, billing, and other activities. In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.
4.At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.
At present=now
10%:one for ten=every ten=one out of ten
ten percent=one tenth
three tenths十分之三
10%=0.1 point one
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States — one for every 10 citizens.
possess=have=own
问题5.One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computer work.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station. In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work.
问题6.In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.
so as to=so that=in order that
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：C
However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers. Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work；how they are developed；their limitations and costs；and the manner in which information systems may be used. Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.
问题7.Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.
would rather A than B宁做A也不做B
prefer A to B宁愿 A也不B
train培训
former 前者
latter 后者
be qualified for ……称职
qualify for v.
quality 质量n.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.
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American Sports
问题1.Hunting and fishing are mainly favored by men, young and old, in the US.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：C
favor 喜欢v.=like,enjoy,love
do sb. a favor 帮某人忙
The United States is a sports-loving nation. Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory; athletic games, played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found; and hunting and fishing.
问题2.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall after the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer. Most sports are seasonal, so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year.
continue to do 继续做
fall n.瀑布、降落、秋天（Autumn英）
regular通常
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
Baseball is the most popular sport in the US. It is played throughout the spring and summer, and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.
问题3.Baseball shares many features with the English game of cricket.
share sth with sb分享
share（s）股份
feature=characteristic 特征、特点
cricket 板球
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
Although no other game is exactly like baseball, perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.
问题4.Football can be classified as a spectator sport.
football英式足球
soccer（美语）英式足球
football橄榄球（美国）
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
Some sports are called spectator sports, as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.
exceed v.超出，超过
be larger than
be more than
be greater than
be classified 被分类，被划分为
be defined 被定义为
be call/be named
问题5.Many Americans like basketball better than football because the latter is so harsh that players have to wear special uniforms.
former 前者
latter 后者
harsh=rough=tough
so…that…
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：B
Football is the most popular sport in the fall. The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago. It is still played by almost every college and university in the country, and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people. The game is not the same as European football or soccer. In American football there are 11 players on each team, and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.
Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges. Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.
问题6.Basketball in American is so popular with universities that nationwide university matches are held yearly.
yearly, monthly, weekly
weekly magazine
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：C
It is a very popular game with high schools, and in more than 20 states, state-wide high school matches are held yearly. Other spectator sports include wrestling, boxing, and horse racing.
问题7.Horse-racing fans cannot be considered sportsmen because they are spectators whose primary interest is gambling.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
答案：A
Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen, the accuracy of the term is questionable, as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.
primary
major
first
gamble
bet 打赌
The so-called sportsmen are the spectators, who do “not assemble” primarily to see the horses race, but to bet upon the outcome of each race. Gambling is the attraction of horse racing. | |
